The Decision Making Of The Ethical Behavior Model Essay

The purpose of this study, was to create a position paper exploring and creating an ethical dilemma and similarly, to explore and present a decision making model used to work through the dilemma. The study found ways that can assist forensic counselors with this common issue that has prompted numerous legalities filed against them by their evaluees such as, identifying stakeholders and interpreting the situation through awareness and fact finding. Tarvydas’s integrative decision-making of the ethical behavior model can also be essential in solving ethical dilemmas because it incorporates the principle and virtue aspects of decision making approaches. There are four themes or attitudes of the integrative model. Initially, it could be helpful to interpret the situation through awareness and fact finding, consider the facts, responsibilities and rights of all stakeholders involved in the dilemma, formulate ethical decisions, select an action by weighing, competing non moral value s, plan and execute the selected course of action and when in doubt forensic counselors can discuss the dilemma with their supervisors. According to my studies, the client’s rights, informed consent are providing clients with enough information about the counseling process to be able to make informed choices and educate clients about their rights and responsibilities. Confidentiality is essential, but not absolute. One exception is the information is made an issue in a court action.Show MoreRelatedThe Ethical Decision Making Models1576 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Decision-Making Models Decision-making in the field of psychology refers to a cognitive process that results in a selection among multiple possible solutions in a situation (Colman, 2008). Decision-making is based on available information from the environment as well as intrinsic information and existing schemas (Rogerson, Gottlieb, Handelsman, Knapp Younggren, 2011). These internal schemas, along with knowledge and personal preferences, influence the decision-making process. EthicalRead More1.1.Objective Evaluation Of All Available Options. According1626 Words   |  7 Pages(minds of the) leaders of the organization (, the policies they establish and the behavior they model). Leaders have a responsibility for creating trust and cultivating cultural values. But history bears testimony to the fact that time and again large-scale disasters happened due to the lack of ethical standards of some leaders or the other. We come to know from his research that there are two approaches to handle ‘ethical dilemma’: 1) before deciding on the course of action, assess the practical consequencesRead MoreThe Role Of Nurse Practitioner1749 Words   |  7 Pages The role that nurse practitioner (NP) plays within the increasing complex health care system is a constant changing role with the Consensus Model and the introduction of the Affordable Care Act in 2010. The scope of the nurse practitioner (NP) includes the care of the young, the old, the sick and the well. The educational needs of a nurse practitioner vary greatly from that of a Registered Nurse (RN), in the amount of education as well as the focus of the education. NPs provide coordinated primaryRead MoreMaking A Business Decision For Any Ceo Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesMaking a business decision for any CEO is easy, the main principle is to keep the shareholders happy by generating more revenue. The more money a company earns the more attractive it looks to the potential investor. Now, from history, we have learned tha t every CEO is not created equal and some use bad business practices to earn more revenue. So, laws were created to set guidelines, companies started to use risk assessment to see if a decision would lead to any legal recourse that would make themRead MoreUnderstanding Ethics Of Social Work1432 Words   |  6 Pagesstructured around the ethical standard set by the National Association of Social Workers. Dilemmas can arise, creating issues that could have a massive effect on clients, families, clinicians, communities, and the organization involved. In order to find a solution to the issue(s) models of ethical reasoning and ethical decision can assist with resolving ethical issues. Briefly I will discuss the case study presented with ethical issues, and will examine ethical reasoning models as it relates to theRead MoreEthical Codes And Guidelines Are Not Like Basic Recipes1468 Words   |  6 PagesEthics is an ongoing process in counseling in which every counselor should have some sort of knowledge about. Standard ethical codes and guidelines are not like basic recipes. They are very broad and vague. Ethical codes are often use for what you need to do, but not always how you should do it. Ethics is a word that’s widely used and an integral piece to the helping profession. Ethics is important for all individuals who are working in the helping profession, including mental health, rehabilitationRead MoreEthical Dilemma Faced By Co Workers931 Words   |  4 PagesEthical dilemma occurs in various setting which causes harm to the individual, psychologist, and to the practice. Psychologist, therapist, and others in the helping profession need to conduct themselves in a manner: (a) to uphold integrity and honest of the profession; (b) protect the welfare of the client; and (c) making sound decisions which justify ones actions base upon the profession. Forensic psychologist based their ethical decision upon the principles based upon ones actions. Ther e areRead MoreEssay about The Context of Decision Making at Whole Foods Market1126 Words   |  5 PagesThe Context of Decision Making at Whole Foods Market Case 1 Wayne Davis Question 1: How would you describe the merchandising and operational decisions made by Whole Foods Market in terms of the rational, bounded rationality, and garbage can models of decision making? According to Nelson Quick (2006), â€Å"The success of any organization depends on managers’ abilities to make effective. An effective decision is timely, is acceptable to the individuals affected by it, and meets the desired objective†Read MoreA Comparison Assessment Of Leadership Competencies1396 Words   |  6 Pagesand behaviors that assist in successfully executing an organization’s strategic vision. Priority quality competencies involve decision making, leadership and staff training, and cultural competence with ethical behavior. There are many decision-making processes employed in healthcare management and practice today. Decisions regarding sensitive cultural and ethical dilemmas require responsible leadership that can apply sound judgement with adherence to professional and organizational ethical standardsRead MorePersonal Model of Ethical Leadership1303 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Model of Ethical Leadership Personal Model of Ethical Leadership: Ethical leadership is an important aspect that should be practiced by all individuals in leadership positions despite of whether the leadership is intentional or unintentional, or formal or informal. However, practicing ethical leadership is difficult in some cases, especially when there are tough decisions to be made while the appropriate choice is unpleasant though its clear. Notably, ethical leadership is quite important

Essay about Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer - 1702 Words

An epic poem is a long narrative poem, normally having to do with a serious subject while covering heroic deeds and events important for a culture or nation. Homer, the author of Iliad and the Odyssey, is perhaps the most famous and notable writer of epics. Inspired directly from the stories that had been passed down orally over the centuries, Homer wrote these epic poems retelling the stories of the last year of the Trojan War and Odysseus’s journey home after the Trojan War. These epics are filled with supernatural events such as gods lending their power to a hero, allowing him to slay row after row of troops and gods going directly onto the battlefield to help turn the tide in a battle. The grandeur of these events are indicative of†¦show more content†¦However, Achilles returned to battle with incredible wrath after his companion Patroclus, who was wearing Achilles armor to intimidate and drive the Trojans away from the Achaeans’ ships, was slain by Apollo . Achilles sought out Hector, the incredibly skilled commander of the Trojan army, and killed him in rage. He then continued to kill more Trojans but was shot by Paris in the ankle, his only weak spot, which resulted in his death. While it seemed as if the war was at a stalemate, Odysseus of Ithaca devised a plan for the Achaeans to infiltrate the walls of Troy while contained inside a massive wooden horse, a fake gift to the Trojans. This plan succeeded as the Achaeans attacked Troy from inside the walls and burned the city to the ground, leaving the city in ruins. This marks the end of the Trojan War as told by Homer in the Iliad. The stories told of the Trojan War were widely accepted as fact for many centuries after the age of Homer. However, as more people sought out actual proof of the events and none was found, the Trojan War and Troy began to be accepted as a myth and legend. This continued up until Heinrich Schliemann’s discovery of Troy in the early 1870s. Determined to find the lost city of Troy on the Greek mainland where the conquerors of Troy lived but without any previous experience in archaeology, Schliemann used the Homeric poems as guides to pinpoint the locationShow MoreRelatedHomer s The Iliad And The Odyssey Essay1590 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the greatest and highly esteemed authors throughout all of history is known simply as Homer. Homer is the author who gave a visible, written form to two of the greatest and highly respected epic stories of the world of the ancient Greeks, the Iliad and The Odyssey. However, none are certain of the time in which Homer lived. It is believed now that, if Homer was at all more than myth himself, he did not create the two stories, rather he organized or edited the poems in a written form (Bloom)Read MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Iliad And The Odysseys1428 Words   |  6 PagesHomer’s The Iliad and The Odysseys are depicted on the vases. Each vase has a story and the painters depict the moments or events in the poem in the exact way Homer describes. However, some depictions on the vases could be dramatized by the painters because the painter brought their imagination from the story of Homer. Through the Ancient Greek vases, we can get new information or background information about the Homer’s poem and we can understand the scenes better in the Iliad and the odysseys even thoughRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Iliad And The Odysseys1428 Words   |  6 PagesHomer’s The Iliad and The Odysseys are depicted on the vases. Each vase has a story and the painters depict the moments or events in the poem in the e xact way Homer describes. However, some depictions on the vases could be dramatized by the painters because the painter brought their imagination from the story of Homer. Through the Ancient Greek vases, we can get new information or background information about the Homer’s poem and we can understand the scenes better in the Iliad and the odysseys even thoughRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Iliad And The Odyssey Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesBy examining the roles that women play in Homer’s epic poems, The Iliad and The Odyssey, the political divide becomes even more apparent. The role of women is clearly defined throughout these literary works, and some of what Homer teaches us is still pertinent today. One such instance that draws attention to the political divide is the structure of leadership in Ithaca. Penelope in The Odyssey assumes a position of power while Odysseus is away from Ithaca fighting in the Trojan War. She defies theRead MoreHeroes Found in the I liad and the Odyssey by Homer767 Words   |  3 Pagescustomary to find a very strong social prototype in society , especially in men, heroes are usually found in every story, such is the case of the literary works of the Iliad and the Odyssey by Homer. Homer’s poems reflect the qualities that should be found on men of this stage, these were predominantly heroic values. Is Homer building an ideal world through his poems? Is he writing about the quiet desires of every man and woman of Greece from these times? The ideal hero has its characteristicsRead MoreHomer s Epic Poems, The Iliad And The Odyssey1254 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Greek Poet Homer. Actually, there are many who believe that no such ‘Homer’ ever even existed in Ancient Greece. Nonetheless, it is agreed that Homer is one of the first writers that have shaped our culture immensely. Homer gives us a look into what morals the Greeks followed and what their beliefs were. Homer shows us how the Greeks put these beliefs into action by presenting multiple struggles that our characters must go through. Homer’s epic poems, The Iliad and The Odyssey, are thousandsRead MoreEssay on The Mysterious Homer, Author of The Odyssey and The Iliad663 Words   |  3 PagesThe Mysterious Homer, Author of The Odyssey and The Iliad   A sketchy figure by the name of Homer is given credit for the two great epic poems of ancient Greece. The Odyssey and The Iliad influenced Greek culture, education, and morality. Little is known about Homer and many scholars question whether he existed at all. (Encarta) Some say two different unknown authors wrote the two poems. (Britannica) Others say that many oral poets were responsible for the finished products. (Britannica) In thisRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Epic Of The Iliad And Odyssey903 Words   |  4 PagesWith this personal narrative, I will analyze two themes from Homer’s epic’s pertaining to the Iliad and the Odyssey. I have chosen hospitality (Xenia) and shame (Aidos) as the subject of interest, and will focus on these as a main source of the topic. Xenia is the ancient Greek word for â€Å"hospitality†, which is the consideration and kindness shown to those who are far from home and/or associates of the person bestowing xenia upon them. The rituals of hospitality created and conveyed a reciprocalRead MoreGreek Mythology By Homer s Odyssey, Iliad And Hesiod s Theogony2522 Words   |  11 Pages Different regions of the Greek empire had different heroes with their own traditions, and thus Greek mythology was firmly tied to it geographical location. Geography and physical places helped shape Greek mythology to a large extent. Homer’s Odyssey, Iliad and Hesiod’s Theogony are examples of Greek mythology where the myth is tied with the geographical space. With the mention of place, these poets strive to appeal to as many city-states as possible. Mentioning as many places and incidents occurringRead MoreComparison Of Virgil s The Aeneid, The Iliad And Homer s `` The Odyssey `` Essay1155 Words   |  5 Pagesthe outcome will remain the same. The idea of being able to control one’s own fate is laughed at. This idea of a definite destiny is found in both Virgil’s â€Å"The Aeneid† and Homer’s â€Å"The Odyssey.† Both hero’s lives are shaped by their destiny and it forces them to make difficult decisions. In â€Å"The Odyssey† Homer presents us with an epic hero, Odysseus. A man who fought in the Trojan War and won. All he wants is to return home and be with his family. He was given a prophecy by the seer Tiresias

The positive and negative effects of globalisation in China Free Essays

Introduction This essay will explain what globalisation is and then it will carry on explaining and identifying the positive and negative effects of Globalisation in China. It has been over a few decades that many economists have wondered about what precisely globalisation is all about in the world and particularly in China. Globalisation is the integration of the economies of the world not only in terms of goods and services but ideas of information technology as well. We will write a custom essay sample on The positive and negative effects of globalisation in China or any similar topic only for you Order Now The western culture is seen to have its negative effect in China this way of lifestyle is seen to drastically infiltrate into the local people’s lifestyle through mediums such as the influence of the television and particularly the media and because of this, it has caused a huge impact on the society in China. Their cultures and traditions are seen to change as they slowly try to adapt to the lifestyle of the foreigners. In addition, half-true information is spread through the internet. At this present day and age, these kinds of messages turn out to be ambigous to the locals and the society and it spread’s extremely fast in China because China is an overpopulated country and hence all this was just a falserumour spreaded. Moreover, the citizens of china are over inhabited and as a result human trafficking and pollution increases in the country and because of this reason, the population in china are likely and expected to fall sick and get infected. (PILLAI: 2000-2010)Furthermore, tourists pay a visit to china as they would normally come for tourism reasons or they would like to enjoy their holidays with their families hence when these tourists advance to china they are easily getting caught with diseases like hiv/aids or they are likely to fall ill and these kinds of diseases sprea ds very fast between them. Nevertheless if the diseases are spreaded between the tourists’s, it will cause them not to go again and this can cause a huge impact on the tourism field in china.However the health of the nation is also getting effected. Reason being the residents of china tend to eat outside as the fast food restaurants like Kfc and Mc Donald’s are easily accessible when they go for shopping, trips, outings and also when they are on the main roads. This automatically attracts the locals and it causes them to eat outside and for this reason their food cycle would change and hence they would have to adjust to their new lifestyle and it could cause an unpleasant impact on their health and also in their balanced diet. It is also a trend in china that the locals would prefer junk food rather than a good proper balanced food which is good and beneficial for their bodies. Furthermore they always ignore the fact that junk food is not proper food, which is bad for their health and is not good for them for the societies and cultures that leave in china.However, the citizens in china are also affected by their low wage rate earning because they don’t have enough money to provide for their families and as they are unable to satisfy their needs and wants because of their low income salaries and this causes a massive impact on their loved ones if there isn’t any cash flowing to their families. Nevertheless, the rich and wealthy families always grow and be prosperous time and again they always enjoy the luxurious items and their life to the maximum because of their high income and salaries which enabled them to get control over the nation which helps them get easy cash flow in their pockets which is later shared in their families. However, these kind of people are always expected earn illegal cash. In addition they are always inclined towards corruption and they will never be content with what they have as they will always demand more. Another negative effect of globalisation in china is when people move from developed to developing countries they would be faced with a low wage income and the working conditions and standard of living would not be the same with that of the developed countries. (NASH, 2008). Nevertheless some business’s who don’t have any might or will not be able to do business better because not behind all the businesses they are Politian’s who look after them so some of the businesses want be able to compete on a global scale so those businesses who aren’t doing well will tend to close down be bankrupt. There are other positive effects of globalisation which are very helpful and useful for china. Some of them are that china has changed immensely and grown and has become more prosperous and become successful as well, the standard of living has also increased. This country which did not have any sources of luxurious items and cars before can now enjoy all the resources and hence they are now very comfortable and relaxed in their lives and they are slowly starting to cherish in becoming more satisfied because they could now buy good clothes and new cars whenever they want and this is really helping the people of china a great deal and all this has happened because of globalisation. (NASH, 2008).Over the recent years there has been an increase in the media coverage in china because of the improvement in human privileges as they are now many reporters within the locals and also around the world and this has really helped the people of china and also the foreigners who would like to know what is happening in china they can now watch and enjoy any channel and broadcast in china of their choice as this creates room for the world’s attention.In addition the other positive effect of globalisation is that when they are many cultures who come to china to visit their relatives or their friends or for those people who have already settled, it’s because of the reason stated it will create unity and togetherness on their cultures when several people of different backgrounds come together as it will cause them to become together and their societies could increase and become expand when everyone from different traditions and customs are seen to be together and this would be really beneficial for the same cultures or other cultures because they would probably share the same or different languages with familiar or not mutual habits,morals,traditions and this really helps the people of china and all this is because of globalization.However many businesses in china ar e protected by Politian’s and they are also given some financial help as well and they also secure and protect the organisation and by this motivated boost they are enable to compete with the foreign businesses and which lead them to perform better. The other most powerful effect of globalisation in china is education, now days after you have completed high school and you would like to study abroad to pursue further education these days you can look for the best universities and colleges without even any problem. You would probably go to another country or stay in your home country to study further or study abroad the reason why people would want to pursue their studies internationally is because of the better facilities and proper courses, education and good lecturers. In addition this would create a whole new experience in their life for the international students when they meet different people with different cultures and traditions, When you come together you would share each other’s experiences, skills you have achieved in your life and you could start bonding with each other and hence this would create a whole new understanding for you. Furthermore after you have completed your studies abroad and specialised in a particular field of your interest or choice you could come back to your home country and spread the knowledge, Nevertheless some people would rather study locally because of the financial reasons if you would like to study abroad you would probably have to use more than you would if you would study locally. The other most positive effect of globalisation is the means of resources is in the Information Technology field these days you can do everything with a click of a mouse and you would get a lot of information and it would help you and could be really beneficial for you hence all this is again because of globalisation. Moreover the other positive effect of globalisation is that when they are many companies globally it would automatically increase competition because all the organisation and companies would like to gain a place in the market and all the organisation would have to produce better or high quality products which have a value and they would have to decrease their prices and in the end the consumers benefit because of the high quality goods and services offered to them hence it’s all because of competition.Moreover the other positive reasons are because of free trade it’s supporting the developing world to raise the standard of living and also increase in the developed world. A place like china where they are many business’s and all of them want to gain the customers advantage it will increase competition between the companies and it will force prices to decrease and in the end the consumers will gain as they could save a lot of money because of the cheaper prices and this would help them to use it on other things or save it for future. In addition the another positive effect of globalisation in china is, these days Foreign trade has improved because before people would have to do unfair and not proper means so that they would get whatever they demanded and all that which used to happened before has been vanished. However, these days’ things are done in a more civilized way it’s because of the humans and the mutual relationships between them which has helped them do it in a civilized way hence for those who do it the illegal way they would have to face the World trade organisation as they are the ones who control the trade in other countries.On the other hand when developed countries leads by outsourcing to developing countries this could lead people from getting jobs as they could refrain from child labour, prostitution, and begging hence all this is because of globalisation. Conclusion In conclusion, globalisation has both advantages and disadvantages which i have stated earlier and how it can affect the country and how it can contribute to china. References http://www.chinese-embassy.org.uk/eng/dsjh/t27161.htmhttp://ezinearticles.com/?The-Positive-Effects-of-Globalizationid=1126427http://www.buzzle.com/articles/negative-effects-of-globalization.htmlhttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/List_the_positive_and_negative_effects_of_globalizationhttp://www.buzzle.com/editorials/8-17-2004-57988.asphttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/List_the_positive_and_negative_effects_of_globalization#ixzz1FwXARloHhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/positive-effects-of-globalization.htmlhttp://www.bukisa.com/articles/92710_economic-impact-of-globalization-on-chinas-economyhttp://www.docshare.com/doc/163166/The-effects-of-globalisation-on-ChinaChina and Globalisation 2003/10/10/ speech by H.E Ambassador Zha Peixin At Chinese Economic Association Annual Reference (14 April, 2003) [Accessed: 15/4/2011] How to cite The positive and negative effects of globalisation in China, Essay examples

Implementation of a Sustainable Business Cycle

Question: Discuss about the Implementation of a Sustainable Business Cycle. Answer: Introduction This study has been aimed to the marketing fundamentals of the Australian dairy industries. The background of the Australian dairy industry has been discussed. The review of the marketing macro model and the forces of the selected industry are beneficial in order to identify the opportunities and threats presents in the markets. The performance of the consumer audit for each of the segment is important to understand the level of involvement. In this essence, the buyer decision process has been discussed (Svensson and Wagner 2012). The range of the Australian dairy industry is approximately $13 billion along with the manufacturing and the export industry as stated by Barnes and Toma (2012). The farm gate value is $4 billion and it can be assumed that this dairy industry is useful to enhance the regional Australian societies. In addition, nearly 6000 Australian dairy producers manufacture approximately 9.7 billion of litres milk within a year. Therefore, Australian dairy businesses recruit 40,000 Australians in their organisations as well as in their businesses. Fakowski (2012) mentioned that Dairy business is growing day by day in the rural sectors of Australia. Situation analysis Industry (Company) Murray Goulburn Co-op is a popular dairy products manufacturing company in Australia. As per the companys background, it can be observed that this company has the power to control completely by the dairy farmers as well as by the suppliers under the cooperative operations. Murray Gouldburn Co-op gives the opportunities to the farmers and the shareholders the competitive milk pricing strategy to southern region as well as to the Sydney market region simultaneously. Size The financial statement of this dairy manufacturing company is also helpful to identify the financial position of this organisation among the overall Australian dairy industry. As per the annual report of 2015 of this business, it can be seen that the net profitability is $21.2 million (Cicconi-Hogan et al. 2013). Growth The growth of this business has been increased by 29% from the previous year and the present growth rate of Murray group is $1.13 billion (Cicconi-Hogan et al. 2013). Therefore, it can be predicted that Murray Goulburn Co-op would be increased in the future. As a result, the revenue and the profitability earned by the company would also be increased. Industry trends It can be observed that the trend of the per capita consumption of dairy business have effectively increased over the periods. The per capita drinking milk consumption is presently evaluated by 105 litres and it has been reached to the highest level compared to the past periods. Competition Major competitors Two of the competitors of this mentioned Australian dairy company are such as Fonterra and the Burra Foods. Burra foods is one of the eminent dairy manufacturing organisation in Australia and is one of the tough competitors of Murray co-op. It mainly focused to the development of the relationship with the suppliers as well as with the consumers. Henceforth, it framed a strong business structure. (Boniface, Gyau and Stringer 2012) stated that Fonterra is aimed to the sustainability in the Australian dairy industry. The net profitability earned by Fonterra is $409 million, which is higher than Murray Co-Op. As a result, the growth rate of this company has also been increased (Ho et al. 2013). Burra foods Strengths Weakness Over the periods, the earnings of this organisation has been increasing. Lack of further improvement It has greater scope to manufacture dairy products Lower infrastructure of the market Lower cost of production Lack of the adaptation of updated technologies. Large numbers of cattle within this particular dairy manufacturing organisation. Per capita production has been decreased. Fonterra: Strengths Weakness Good financial performance and good financial position Lower variety of the dairy products Higher infrastructure and greater management Focused on the taste of the products. Do not focus about the effect of the health. Export of higher amount of dairy products Lack of taking of group decision Adaption of new technologies and increasing of sales Poor quality of the products Market shares Figure 1: Market share of Australian dairy organisations (Source: Berthon et al. 2012) From the above figure, it can be observed that the market share of Murray Goulburn is higher compared to other competitors. Therefore, the consumers are looking for the products of this company than the other dairy manufacturing organisations. Explanation of the audit Burra foods: Ansoff matrix Market penetration Burra foods manufactured four types of manufacturing products such as Milk powder, Bulk liquid etc. The existing market can be recognised as Korumburra, Victoria. Product development Planned to manufacture more new dairy products. Market development Burra foods aimed to expand its product in the market of south Gippsland operations. Diversification Burra foods is willing to enhance its market in the south Gippsland operations with the specialisation of butter, milk, cheeses. BCG matrix: Cash cows Full cream milk powder Cream cheese Skim cheese Stars Frozen cream Cream powder Question marks Milk proteins Skim milk powder Dogs Standardised milk Instant milk powdered Fonterra Ansoff matrix Market penetration Specialises in the products of western star butter, ski yogurt etc. In Australia, Fonterra acquired the companies like Bonland dairies, Murrumbidgee dairy. Product development Aimed to manufacture new palm products Market development Tried to expand their products to the another parts of Australia. Diversification Fonterra aimed to manufacture new palm products to the other regions of Australia. BCG matrix Cash cows Western star butter Cream cheese Cream, beverages Stars Perfect italiano cheese Market development Mainland cheese Dogs Ski yogurt Customer Consumer behaviour is the choice, taste and preferences of individuals. More specifically, with the help of this concept of consumer behaviour, the buying behaviour of the customers can be identified. Decision making process High involvement Low involvement Cheese, butter Other milk made products From the above table, it can be stated that consumers are highly looking for cheese and butter of Murray co-op. In these two products, this company is specialised. It maintain the quality of the products Customer audit In order to make a consumer audit based on the review from the consumers, it can be stated that Murray co-op is specialised in the manufacturing of cheese and butter. It has the comparative advantage on these two products. Murray co-op tried to maintain the quality of the products. This will significantly enhance the market share in the dairy industry. The organisation can earn higher profitability and the total revenue of the company will also increase. Explanation of the audit As the profitability of the company has been increased, this will try to maintain this financial position and want to hold this profitability. In this order, this company aimed to the production of these two products. Murray co-op also wants to improve the production of the other milk made product that it can acquire the first position in the Australian dairy industry. As a result, the profitability statement will be effectively enhanced. Climate Political Sometimes government policies as well as regulations for the dairy business will affect the decisions of the farmers in case of making of decisions. In this context, it can be observed that sometimes do not give the permission for the export of the manufactured dairy products. It will reduce the sales of the company. Economic The economic instruments can affect the dairy business and the purchasing power of the organisation. The rise of the purchasing power will significantly enhance the spending. Therefore, it can be concluded that this increase in the purchasing power will increase the sales of the dairy products of the company. Social As per the taste and preference of the different consumers, the sales of the dairy products may be fluctuated. In case of the vegan consumers, the purchasing of the milk made products will be reduced. This will affect the overall sales of milk and the milk made products. Technological Technological adaption or the uses of the new technology will effectively increase the production and the sales of the manufacturing products. This will increase the price of the products. However, the quality of the manufacturing will be significantly increased. Demographic Based on the demographic choices, the organisation aimed to produce varieties of dairy foods. This will be helpful to manufacture different types of foods for different level of customers. Natural In this context, it can be stated that different harmful gases may hamper the manure, which is necessary for the feed production. This in turn reduces the total production of a dairy industry. Opportunities and threats Opportunities Threats In order to evaluate the opportunities of this mentioned dairy business, it can be mentioned that the financial position and the growth rate of Murray Goulburn co-op is quite appreciable. Berthon et al. (2012) suggested that these would effectively reflect the Murray Co-op to include the innovations in their business. Palupi et al. (2012) argued that over the time, the competition has increased within the industry. It has been already observed that Fonterra earn profitability compared to its competitors. Therefore, the growth rate and the financial position are comparatively higher from Murray Goulburn Co-op. Collaborators Intermediaries In order to manufacture dairy products, the company has several intermediaries. They also play the important role in case of the production. Likewise, after the production, the company has to go through several stages, where the intermediaries play important steps. They transfer the products from the farm gate to the target customers. Suppliers The suppliers are the milk collectors, distributors or other raw materials providers. They are the retailers or the wholesalers. In order o accomplish the overall procedure or the supply chain, these suppliers perform the crucial part. Segmentation Figure 2: Market segmentation (Source: Bardhan, Sharma and Saxena 2012) It is known that several procedures can be adapted when divide the larger industry into smaller segments. Each procedure is important to yield several information in order to concern the target market. Demographic This approach of the segmentation is depending upon the factors such as gender, occupation, age, income level and the family status. These information are beneficial to recognise the regions of the interest and the requirements (Khoi and Van Dung 2014). In this purpose, the requirement of the age group of 20-30 years would be differed from the age group of 50-60 years. Therefore, Murray Goulburn has set out the prices of the manufacturing products based upon the income level or the standard of living. Higher the level of income, greater will be the price of the products of specific regions and vice versa. Geographic It is the common strategy and it is served to the consumers to a particular region. On the other hand, sometimes targeted audience has several preferences depend upon the position of the business. This marketing process is common in terms of the small sized business and it serves a wider range of the demographic consumers within the regional territory. Psychographic This type of market segmentation focused to the lifestyle of the consumer behaviour. Therefore, this method can be evaluated by the willingness and the activities. This type of segmentation is able to identify the several group of customers, who are looking for powdered milk and who are willing to avail box milk (Khoi and Van Dung 2014). Behaviour As per this segmentation, the dairy business would base on the groups willingness for the service offered by the company. Boniface, Gyau and Stringer (2012) mentioned that the knowledge, frequency of the usage as well as the loyalty is the key measurements of this particular segmentation. Therefore, complete knowledge is the important factor in order to understand the valuation of the service offerings by the organisations, total sales and the marketing process. Target markets Based on the above four segments, the geographic and the demographic segmentation have been considered in this study. In this order, it can be stated that the large sizes business is able to operate its business across different countries. It is easier to include the regional and the cultural differences and can easily adopt the taste and preferences of the consumers Primary/ secondary target markets In order to make decision, the primary and secondary segment is important to consider. Henceforth, Murray Goulburn has identified some requirements. In this context, Zoeteweij-Turhan (2012) opined that the consumers are used to purchase the manufacturing products of Murray Co-op, as most of them drink milk once or twice in a day. According to Fuller and Beghin (2015), it is come to know that consumers are very much worried about their health and therefore, they are not reluctant to purchase milk regularly. As a result, it can be stated that the requirement for the products would not decrease. Moreover, on the based on the secondary segment, it can conclude that consumers depend upon the reputation, brand loyalty. They always want to purchase the milk made products in turn of the affordable prices. Buyer decision procedure for the segments under investigation In this section, the influential factors, which reflect the consumers to purchase the products, have been analysed. In the points of Cakir and Balagtas 2012), it can be identified that the necessity for the products is the primary requirement, which would fetch the customers to purchase the products. The consumers focused whether they would afford the price of the products. In order to make higher profit, if the manufacturing company set out higher price for their products, then the consumers may reluctant to take the products and may switch to the other company (Douphrate et al. 2013). There is several numbers of suppliers within the dairy industry of Australia. Henceforth, the price of the products is also the key factor to determine whether the consumer would purchase the products or not. Strategic chosen for different segments Market segmentation is helpful to identify the differences as well as the similarities between the customers of the different regions. This will reflect to the organisation to understand the taste and the preferences. In case of the demographic segmentation, the strategy followed by this, is assumed to be helpful to estimate the advantage of the provided benefits of the manufacturing products. It is beneficial to apply the business to business approach in the markets. Under this strategy, the target market can be segmented depend on the size of the market. The strategy of the psychographic segmentation can be evaluated with the measurement of the functions, interests etc of the organisations and the consumers respectively. On the other hand, the strategy of the behavioural segmentation can divide the customers into some groups as per their knowledge, rate of usage etc. Segmentation in terms of benefit: This stage indicated the advantage of the consumers seeking whether to maintain the product of the particular organisations. The customer perceive the advantage of purchasing the manufacturing products, and it is helpful to estimate the relevancy of the organisation as well as it will be easier to develop the marketing messages. According to Svensson and Wagner (2012), market segmentation is significant to enhance the focus on the mentioned dairy organisation. With the increase of focus on Murray co-op, it can predict that the return from the business will also increase. As a result, the profitability from the business will effectively increase. With the raise of the focus on Murray co-op, the competition will increase. Hence, it can anticipate that the market share as well as brand loyalty of the existing organisation will increase (Bardhan, Sharma and Saxena 2012). Positioning map Figure 3: Positioning map (Source: Created by author) The above figure shows the for positioning map Murray Goulburn co-op. In addition, it is also helpful to recognise the competitive advantage of the same organisation. From the above figure, it can be clearly seen that Murray Goulburn is focused to the different income group and their living standard. This proves that this dairy manufacturing firm is interested to the ability of the consumers. Most of the organisations set the prices of the product in order to higher profit and in order to survive in the dairy industry (Khoi and Van Dung 2014). Therefore, Murray Co-op set affordable prices in turn of the manufacturing products. On the other hand, Murray always tried to manufacture good quality of products that the consumers want to maintain a long term relationship with them and this organisation can develop its business fruitfully in the future (ABC News. 2016). Conclusion The overall study is helpful to establish the market scenario of the dairy industry of Australia. In this purpose, this study is helpful to Co-op. The size of the company, growth rate, and financial statement has been discussed. In this respect, it can be seen that the financial performance of the company is quite appreciable and the growth rate has also been increasing from the previous year. On the other hand, this study is also helpful to measure the industrial size of the Australian dairy market. Comparing with this industrial valuation, It is easier to understand the position of the mentioned dairy manufacturing company. Moreover, this study is also helpful to measure the market segment. In this connection, the study has discussed the different steps of this market segment. There are four steps such as geographical, behavioural, demographical and psychographic segments. These four segments are helpful to measure and discuss the four different techniques. Relation with this, this study is beneficial to establish the specific market strategy, which is followed by Murray Goulburn Co-op. The advantages of the uses of the market segment have also been measured. Recommendations After analysing the overall study, it can be observed that Murray Goulburn Co-op is at good position in the dairy industry of Australia. However, Burra food is at greater position in the industry. In order to retain the number one position in the market and make growth, Murray Goulburn Co-op is required to follow some business strategies. Moreover, the management of the Murray Co-op can consults the field expertise, who can guide the company to improve. The management can construct a waste management structure. The wastage of the daily manure can be utilised significantly, which can be used up in the other cropping program. In order to enhance the development of this business, the dairy business is required to invest a large amount. The workers connected with this business; need to provide higher salary that they want to work with this company. Moreover, the cost of the raw materials, the foods of the cattle is higher. Without strong financial structure, the production cannot be occurred. Lastly, the management needs to perform efficiently that under the existing infrastructure of the organisation, the workers can perform optimally and the business can get its success. References ABC News. (2016).Burra Foods. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-04/burra-foods-korumburra/7382060 [Accessed on 18 Aug. 2016]. ABC Rural. (2016).Australia's largest dairy processor reveals further cuts to milk prices. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-06-28/murray-goulburn-makes-major-price-annoucement/7535602 [Accessed on 18 Aug. 2016]. Alon, I. and Eugene, J., 2012.Global marketing. Mcgraw Hill Higher Educat. Australia, D., 2014. Australian Dairy Industry.Dairy Australia. Available online: www. dairyaustralia. com. au/Industry-information/About-the-industry. Bardhan, D., Sharma, M.L. and Saxena, R., 2012. Market Participation Behaviour of Smallholder Dairy Farmers in Uttarakhand: A Disaggregated Analysis .Agricultural Economics Research Review,25(2), pp.243-254. Barnes, A.P. and Toma, L., 2012. A typology of dairy farmer perceptions towards climate change.Climatic Change,112(2), pp.507-522. Berthon, P.R., Pitt, L.F., Plangger, K. and Shapiro, D., 2012. Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy.Business horizons,55(3), pp.261-271. Boniface, B., Gyau, A. and Stringer, R., 2012. Linking price satisfaction and business performance in Malaysia's dairy industry.Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics,24(2), pp.288-304. Boniface, B., Gyau, A. and Stringer, R., 2012. Linking price satisfaction and business performance in Malaysia's dairy industry.Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics,24(2), pp.288-304. Cakir, M. and Balagtas, J.V., 2012. Estimating market power of US dairy cooperatives in the fluid milk market.American journal of agricultural economics,94(3), pp.647-658. Cicconi-Hogan, K.M., Gamroth, M., Richert, R., Ruegg, P.L., Stiglbauer, K.E. and Schukken, Y.H., 2013. Associations of risk factors with somatic cell count in bulk tank milk on organic and conventional dairy farms in the United States.Journal of dairy science,96(6), pp.3689-3702. Douphrate, D.I., Hagevoort, G.R., Nonnenmann, M.W., Lunner Kolstrup, C., Reynolds, S.J., Jakob, M. and Kinsel, M., 2013. The dairy industry: A brief description of production practices, trends, and farm characteristics around the world.Journal of agromedicine,18(3), pp.187-197. Fakowski, J., 2012. Dairy supply chain modernisation in Poland: what about those not keeping pace?.European Review of Agricultural Economics,39(3), pp.397-415. Finkel, M.L., Selegean, J., Hays, J. and Kondamudi, N., 2013. Marcellus Shale drilling's impact on the dairy industry in Pennsylvania: a descriptive report.New solutions: a journal of environmental and occupational health policy,23(1), pp.189-201. Fuller, F.H. and Beghin, J.C., 2015. Chinas growing market for dairy products.Iowa Ag Review,10(3). Ho, C.K.M., Newman, M., Dalley, D.E., Little, S. and Wales, W.J., 2013. Performance, return and risk of different dairy systems in Australia and New Zealand.Animal production science,53(9), pp.894-906. Karaman, A.D., Cobanoglu, F., Tunalioglu, R. and Ova, G., 2012. Barriers and benefits of the implementation of food safety management systems among the Turkish dairy industry: A case study.Food Control,25(2), pp.732-739. Khoi, N.V. and Van Dung, T., 2014. The Dairy INDUSTRY in Viet NAM: A Value Chain Approach.International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains,5(3), p.1-56. Kotler, P., Keller, K.L., Manceau, D. and Hmonnet-Goujot, A., 2015.Marketing management(Vol. 14). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Palupi, E., Jayanegara, A., Ploeger, A. and Kahl, J., 2012. Comparison of nutritional quality between conventional and organic dairy products: a meta analysis.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,92(14), pp.2774-2781. Svensson, G. and Wagner, B., 2012. Implementation of a sustainable business cycle: the case of a Swedish dairy producer.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(1), pp.93-97. Svensson, G. and Wagner, B., 2012. Implementation of a sustainable business cycle: the case of a Swedish dairy producer.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(1), pp.93-97. Zoeteweij-Turhan, M., 2012.The Role of Producer Organizations on the Dairy Market. Nomos.

Thirty Years from Now Essay Example For Students

Thirty Years from Now Essay As I sit here, I wonder what I will become; all I see is pure success like no one has ever seen. My life is full of great and achievable goals that can fulfil my life with happiness. I see myself see myself thirty years from now becoming the most successful person the world has seen. I will have graduated high school and college with 4. 0 GPA, majoring in aeronautical engineering while being in the national honors society. I will have made my college possible because of baseball. In doing all of these awesome achievements, Ill be the best baseball player that has ever played being drafted number one by the Yankees in my freshman year of college. I will have starred at shortstop under Coach Joe Torre. Driving in a record 80 home runs shattering Mark Mcgwires record. Later, I will set the record for most golden gloves ever achieved by a major league baseball player. During my career in baseball I will meet a beautiful woman that just became a professional model signing with Nautica. We will write a custom essay on Thirty Years from Now specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now After being married for a few years we will have two kids; while, concluding my career in New York and moving to California. Later I will pursue my career in politics. First running for U. S. senate and representing the Democratic party. After seeing that my life would be fulfilled much better if I could change the world in a more drastic way I will run for president. After all of the harsh campaigning I will when the race and proudly represent our country. When I am educated into the office I will begin with my inauguration address and captivating the country I will leave to get to my new home The White House. I will become the most effective president the county has ever seen. Starting with my most important policy Education. I plan to stress helping out the middle class family with taxes, health insurance, and Medicare. In doing this I plan on looking out for the senior citizens with good retirement funds. I will also encourage peace with the world and strengthening our military. Once I have completed my first term as president I will be elected once again and have an even stronger effect on our country. After resigning and touching the country with my great and inspiring State of the Union address I will pursue my career in aeronautical engineering. In doing so I will create a new space shuttle that will exceed speeds of anybodys dreams. It will have the coolest design. I t will have computers that are even more advanced than the Super Computer; that is able to see and break down cells faster than any other computer. Once the president has seen my great advances in technology, I will receive a medal for bettering the world. After receiving my award I will go back to my beautiful mansion in the outskirts of California, where my wife is raising my children. After all of my accomplishments I know the true importance in life is maintaining my Christianity. In doing this I will send my children to a Christian school so that no matter what happens they will know that Christ loves them. This will hopefully be the ending to a great life.

Ralph nader essays

Ralph nader essays Lawyer, consumer activist, author. Born February 27, 1934, in Winsted, Connecticut. The son of Nathra Nader, a Lebanese immigrant who owned a bakery and restaurant, and his wife Rose, the scholarly Nader attended Princeton University, graduating magna cum laude in 1955. In 1958, he graduated from Harvard Law School and began practicing law in Hartford, Connecticut. His first book, Unsafe at Any Speed (1965), was an expos about the dangers posed by the design of the Chevrolet Corvair, a car produced by General Motors. The book inspired a good deal of public interest and sparked a veritable revolution in automobile safety. In its wake, the federal government passed the 1966 National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act, an unprecedented attempt to regulate the powerful auto industry. As a determined and eloquent advocate for consumers, Nader was also largely responsible for the passage of the 1967 Wholesome Meat Act, which imposed federal standards on slaughterhouses and required federal inspections of beef and poultry; the Clean Air Act; and the Freedom of Information Act. Among the consumer advocacy organizations Nader has founded over the years (most of which are still active) are Public Citizen, the Center for Responsive Law, the Center for Auto Safety, the Public Interest Research Group, the Disability Rights Center, the Clean Water Action Project, the Pension Rights Center, the Project for Corporate Responsibility. His disciples-known as Naders Raiders-have been active in Washington, D.C., since the early 1970s. Other books which Nader wrote or cowrote include Corporate Power in America (1973), Taming the Giant Corporations (1976), Menace of Atomic Energy (1977), Whos Poisoning America (1981), and Winning the Insurance Game (1990). A confirmed bachelor, Nader is extremely guarded about his personal life in the press. In 1992 and 1996, Nader mounted somewhat half-hearted campaigns for presid...

Organizattional Structure Presentation Annotated Bibliography

Organizattional Structure Presentation - Annotated Bibliography Example The management of the organization needs to select financial experts to serve in the financial committee as a guide on finances. Financial experts prepare budget, financial statements and carry out audits of the organization. Harris, M. G., Society for Health and Administration Programs in Education., & Australian College of Health Services Executives. (2006). Managing health services: Concepts and practice. Marrickville, N.S.W: Elsevier Australia Development of quality improvement and clinical audit, experiences with other industries, consumers and funders has led to a keen interest to understand the nature of risk. Need to understand the potential benefit of risk, its management, and its influence to cause adverse effects. Lombardi & Schermerhorn (2007) shows the importance of a trustworthy form of communication in the healthcare organization. Examples are formal, informal, external and internal. Communication with stakeholders, patients, outside world and in the organization is essential. Miller (2007) puts into perspective the importance given to the human resource such as employee culture development of belonging and motivation for more productivity. There is the need to have a conducive work environment and maintenance of a balance between socio-technical system and effectiveness of the

Global Versus Domestic only Mergers and Acquisitions Essay

Global Versus Domestic only Mergers and Acquisitions - Essay Example The strategy of Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) plays an important role to both sides of the growth path by enabling strong companies to assume faster growth than their competition thereby rewarding entrepreneurs for their efforts and ensuring the weaker companies get swallowed faster and even made redundant through share erosion and exclusion. M&A, therefore, is a crucial fraction of any healthy economy by basically ensuring that shareholders are able to gain rewards from their businesses (Thomson & Martin, 2005). This fact, coalesced with the potential for large returns makes M&A a highly attractive method for entrepreneurs and business owners to capitalize on their company values. It is, therefore, no wonder that the unique business trend of M&A has, in the recent times, become a common occurrence in the business world between firms seeking to achieve strategic value for themselves. M&A deals always make media headlines probably due to the huge amounts of cash that some of them entail, sometimes involving billions of US dollars which may exceed the GDP of some small countries. The main reason for their occurrence is to boost the shareholder value of both firms and this is also used as a performance measure to gauge the success of M&A (Galpin & Herndon, 2007). M&A is used as a survival tactic during tough economic times and in most cases involves strong companies buying out smaller ones to create more cost-efficient, competitive companies. M&A can either take place between firms operating within a country’s borders (domestic M&A) or beyond a particular country’s boundaries (global M&A). This article will provide a general overview of merger and acquisitions and then compare and contrast the domestic and global M&A using a few case studies (Aoki, Jackson & Miyajima, 2007).

Research proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Research proposal - Essay Example the companies, government organizations, and individuals are able to follow all the legislative requirements regarding the creation and governance of pensions1. This paper analyzes the extent in which the costs of pension are able to affect the value of a company. This research mainly concerns itself with companies operating in the United Kingdom. It is important to understand that this area of pensions is an area that has been greatly researched, not only pensions in relation to the government employees, but also pensions in relation to private companies. Most researchers aim at finding out the benefits of this pension schemes, and the role they play in the economy (Gustman, Steinmeier, and Tabatabai, 2014). Researchers are motivated by the fact that pensions are useful in helping the aged people to have the capability of satisfying their basic needs. Another reason as to why there is considerable interest in this area of pensions is based on the desire by the UK government to decrease the old age poverty in the country. The government has noted that one of the most efficient methods of reducing old age poverty is restructuring the pension system in the United Kingdom2. This new measures must have the capability of addressing new and emerging needs. On this basis, research on the pension systems is developed to address these needs, and provide a framework for policy formulators to develop a policy that would help the citizens of UK fight old age poverty (Mullen, 2010). Pension is defined as an amount of money, paid on a regular basis for purposes of preparing the payee for retirement. Pensions are a very useful welfare programs, and this is because they normally help the aged to meet their daily needs. However, the pension system has always been accused of failing to remove the aged from poverty, since the amount given is always small, when comparable to the standards of living (Gustman, Steinmeier, and Tabatabai, 2014). This is mainly specific to retired

Evolution of Community Kitchens

Evolution of Community Kitchens Abstract Community kitchen, as a concept is critical for ensuring the food security of the vulnerable population. It is a gathering point where groups of people come together to pool their resources to cook large quantities of food. The main focus of this research thesis is to understand the concept of community kitchens and their operation in different social settings. This research also aims to understand the role of the government agencies (if any) in ensuring the food security for the communities (which is their primary responsibility). In the changing context of state relegating to a secondary position, initiatives by such private actors assume significance. By highlighting on two different case studies of organizations, we tend to unravel the process of community kitchens in separate social environments. With the help of participant observation, focus group discussions and in-depth individual interviews, this research is an exploration of the possibilities of food security through the c oncept of community kitchens. Introduction Community kitchen is an institution where food is prepared by the members of a community in a collective manner. There are different models of community kitchens that exist around the social space. Generally it is observed that members of a community who prepare food are also the consumers of the same meals cooked collectively. However there are other models like Akshay Patra (our case study in the present study) where food is collectively prepared but distributed among the non preparers of the food cooked. Community kitchens aid the community in preparing affordable meals through a self sustaining institution. The purchase, preparation and consumption are more often than not done in a collective manner which makes the enterprise a cost effective and time efficient in nature. While meeting a communitys social needs, collective kitchens are a mechanism which provide financial, social and food security to the community members. Community kitchens are socially rooted institutions, they help in increasing the solidarity among the members of the community. Grace Campbell states The formation and operation of community kitchens varies widely across communities and cultures and is largely dependent on the membership, yet each organization requires a well-equipped kitchen, willing participants, and initial capital. Food security is a modern day challenge, which needs to be addressed at all levels of society. Community kitchens at local level provide access to affordable and nutrition rich food to the members of a community, which goes a long way in ensuring food security. Globalization, inflation, increasing gap between the haves and have nots, are the major reasons which are keeping an average man food insecure. In such a scenario, this research aims to explore food security through the concept of community kitchens. Food security Food security is a condition in which all people at all times can acquire safe, nutritionally adequate and personally acceptable foods that are accessible in a manner that maintains human dignity.[1] The four components of food security, as described in the literature, are the quantitative, the qualitative, the social, and the psychological. The quantitative component describes what is traditionally known as hunger, not having enough to eat at the individual level, or not having food in the house at the household level. The qualitative component concerns the quality of the available food (its nutritional adequacy, safety, and variety). Individuals often compromise on food quality to cope with a lack of funds to purchase suitable foods. The psychological component includes the fears and decreased feelings of self-worth associated with dealing with the lack of funds to purchase sufficient, quality food, whereas the social component describes many of the coping strategies used to acquir e food when funding has run out, such as charity, stealing, and buying on credit. [2] In the 21st century disparities in economic growth have questioned the socio-economic and environmental sustainability. The issue of food security has now become a global concern. Notwithstanding the technological and scientific developments in the area of agricultural productivity, hunger and malnutrition continue to be a threat to the humanity. Access to food is still perceived by many as a privilege, rather than a basic human right, and it is estimated that about 35 000 people around the world die each day from hunger. An even larger number of people suffer from malnutrition. [3] UNFAO (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization) defines food security as Food security is food available at all times; that all persons have means of access to it; that it is nutritionally adequate in terms of quantity, quality and variety; and that it is acceptable within the given culture. Only when all these conditions are in place can a population be considered food secure. Based on the UN definition research world over emphasizes on four main components of the issue of food security those being availability to provide sufficient food to all, equal accessibility to nutritious food, acceptability of food based on local traditions and cultures and lastly adequacy which emphasizes on sustainability of production and distribution of food. Food security in India Food security has been a major development objective in India since the beginning of planning. The achievements of green revolution have somehow failed to reach the bottom of the pyramid. Chronic food insecurity remains at an all time high. Over 225 million Indians remain chronically under nourished. The state of Indias food security is worsening by the year.[4]The cost of food items is increasing rapidly, making them unaffordable to a majority of the people. In recent years, there has been a state policy focus towards household level food security and per capita food energy intake is taken as a measure of food security. The Indian government has been implementing a wide range of nutrition intervention programmes for achieving food security at the household and individual levels. The Public Distribution System (PDS) supplies food items, such as food grains and sugar, at administered prices through a network of fair price shops. There have been a range of food-for-work and other wage employment programmes. Another approach adopted by the government is to target women and children directly. This includes the mid-day meal programme for school going children, supplementary nutrition programme for children and women and Right to Food bill. [5] The Right to Food Bill introduced in the parliament in 2009 insists on the physical, economic and social right of all citizens to have access to safe and nutritious food, consistent with an adequate diet necessary to lead an active and healthy life with dignityWith the Right to Food campaign, hunger and food insecurity have come in the center of development discourse in India. Notwithstanding all these developments, our country is a habitat of people with unconscionable level of malnutrition and hunger. Malnutrition levels among the children and women are even higher than the overall average. Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council for Medical Research) estimates that nearly 40% of the adult population in India has a Body Mass Index of less than 18.5, which implies chronic energy deficiency of epic proportions, bordering on a national humanitarian crisis. [6] Since food security of the vast majority in the region is at stake, addressing such a wide range of issues demands community value-system based participatory approaches to ensure involvement of all the stakeholders. The various government schemes may serve as immediate means for dealing with food insecurity but shall be of ultimate irrelevance, until we work on developing our local community based food systems strong.[7] One of such means is through the institution of community kitchens. Community kitchens in their historic perspective Community kitchen as a concept is old, dating back to the late 15th century, which has undergone change over the years and the current form seems to be involving the community to address larger social issues like food security. In India, Sikhs have a history of providing food along with every worship service, ceremony, or event, and when Gurus gained popularity, people traveled from far of distances and gathered in groups to hear them preach the principles of equality and humanity. It was in the late 15th century that Guru Nanak dev ji, the founder of Sikhism, started the institution of Langar (community kitchens). Langar is a Persian word meaning an alms house, an asylum for the poor and the destitute.[8]Langar upheld and reinforced the Sikh principles of service to mankind, equality of all and humility. Although the institution was begun under aegis od Guru Nanak, it was institutionalized by Guru Amar Das, who sought to encourage a tradition of eating together that had begun with Nanak, the founder of Sikhism. Langar is the collective kitchen which is run in the Gurudwara. The institution feeds all who come, regardless of their religion, caste, gender or creed. Sikh devotes are involved in each stage from the food preparation, to feeding and to cleaning of the utensils. Today, this institution of Langar is cornerstone of Sikh religion, encouraging the discipline of service and a spirit of co-operation, philanthropy, equality, the ideas and practices deeply imbedded in the community kitchen movement. The practice and its origin must be seen in the light of its contradiction to the Hindu and Muslim custom at the time, which separated people on basis of caste (social ranking) or purdah (seclusion of women). In the recent past various moments around the concept of community kitchens can be seen across the world. In the nineties of the last century community kitchen was seen as a movement in Nicaragua, when Sandinista government lost power. The fall of the government put the nations food security policy in turmoil. It was then that community kitchens were set up all across the country to address the issues of hunger and deprivation. Similarly in Abkhazia, after the end of war between Georgia and Abkhazia (1994) community kitchens were established to provide food to the vulnerable populations of the country. The focus of the state sponsored community kitchens were women, children and elderly. Self sufficiency and sustainability were attained by purchase at local level and secondly by employing the local community. In America too, we see the moment of community kitchens. A not for profit body called Second Harvest was a pioneer to work in the area of food security in USA. Extensive community kitchens were set up to create hunger free America. The programme was unique as it involved students in the food preparation and distribution process. This led to skill enhancement and job training for the unemployed youth. History also holds evidence of collective kitchens operating in San Francisco. Community kitchens were set up there to meet the need of the immigrants and other discriminated sections of the population. These kitchens continue to encourage community unity through resource pooling, cultural exchange, and social interaction. Although in most of the cases the community and collective meal programmes were primarily organized to address financial challenges, many kitchens now focus on expanding social circles, multicultural interaction, address the challenges of hunger, dealing with food insecurity, and building community capacity. Food security and community kitchens Collaborative solutions that will make our communities resilient in the 21st century dont need to be at vast scales alone. Efforts at local community, household and individual levels play an important role to deal with the issue of food insecurity. One such model of community kitchens is a smart, practical program that has the ability to promote local food security. This model not only ensures that the participants have access to affordable food, but also in a sustainable and cost efficient manner. These are resilience building institutions, and work on principles of shared equality and mutual benefit. This local level initiative has the ability to grow across a wide range and make an impact on the global food security level. Community kitchens as alternate means of livelihood Community kitchens can serve as means of alternate livelihood to women of the marginalized sections, unemployed youth, local unskilled labor and other marginalized communities like sex workers. Community kitchen has the ability to provide the financial means whereby a group or a community can live a dignified and sustainable life. Sex workers face continuous social exclusion and are in a constant search for a stigma free means of livelihood as a pre-requisite for a dignified and better tomorrow. Initiation of community kitchens provides as a means of employment for many unskilled and semi-skilled workers thus ensuring a livelihood to the community. Collective kitchens serve to reduce vulnerability of marginalized sections of the society. It provides source of income as well as a sense of ownership and possession to the members of the community. Sex works lead a life of stigma and discrimination. The degree of stigma is higher among male and transgender sex workers. As members of the society it is their right to be a part of the normal social life, without any marginalization. Especially sex workers facing stigma of HIV Aids have a natural right to live in supporting environments free from social stigmas. United Nations Community based programs like community kitchens have a crucial role in assisting communities to identify and change stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors related to HIV and sex work and to foster a spirit of tolerance and inclusion. Community kitchens provide meaningful and comprehensive set of alternatives and meaningful economic options to sex work. Hunger, food productivity and illiteracy: establishing the link While talking about building community capacity the children of the community must remain the central focus. Children, who come from remote rural areas, work so hard at the household level that going to school remains no priority for them. It is a well established fact that knowledge has the ability to transform society. Education to these children can serve as a force which can liberate the coming generations from the clutches of abject poverty. Children living in vicious circle of hunger and illiteracy require special attention by the government and society, in form of new schools, better learning facilities, learned teaches, and locally relevant syllabus taught in their local language. Have we ever wondered why the hungry are always also illiterate? A study by World Bank states that the people who are undernourished and the adults who are illiterate are mostly the same people, mainly the poor in rural areas. Illiteracy and hunger thus are cause and effect of one another, making it a vicious cycle of poverty. Collaborating the solution of the issues of education and hunger represents an important step forward, it has led to the creation of a new partnership initiative called mid day meal scheme in India. Hunger among children leaves them with very little energy to attend school and learn effectively. Medical research proves that hunger impairs both mental and physical growth of children. If millions of hungry children cannot learn, or are forced to work instead of attending school we will not reach the Millennium Development Goal of universal primary education. Offering incentives like noon meal encourages children to attend and their parents to send them to school and such initiatives could have a major impact on child nutrition, school attendance and social equity. Universal and nutritious mid-day meals would be a significant step towards realization of the right to food.[9] National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education (NP-NSPE), popularly known as the Mid Day Meal Scheme, was launched as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme on 15th August 1995, initially in 2408 blocks in the country. The mid day meal scheme aims to ensure food security among the school going children in India. Under the aegis of the scheme the school going children in all government schools are to be provided with free lunch. Midday meal scheme began as a strategic program to address two most pressing problems in India: hunger and education. The government of India had made education for children between the age group of 6-14. Hunger obstructs the process of holistic education, as children are forced to leave schools and take up menial jobs. Lack of education curtails opportunities for development and leads to vicious circle of poverty and hunger. Midday meal programs (school lunch) emerged to address the multiple challenges of poverty, hunger, and access to education. Rationale behind the mid day meal scheme is firstly, to protect school going children from chronic hunger. Secondly to attain advancement in school attendance and enrollment rates. Thirdly, enhance socialization and feeling of oneness among students, thus breaking the schakels of gender, race, class and caste. Supreme Court of India passed an order on November 28, 2001, which mandated Cooked midday meal is to be provided in all the government and government-aided primary schools in all the states. This order expedited the implementation of the scheme. Mid day meal scheme was soon extended across the nation and across all government schools, government aided schools and for children in anganwari centers. The allocation and off take of food grains under the scheme during the 10th Plan and the first two years of the 11th Plan 2007-08 2008-09is presented in Table 1. The table 1 summarizes the allocation of funds in terms of food grains each year, from 2002-03 to the last financial year. The allocations have risen considerably over the years, both in terms of the rice and wheat food grains. It is seen from the table that allocations from the central government have been more than the off take or utilization of the food grains in the implementation of the scheme. The summary of subsidies in different states, as on November 2009, is listed below: The table 2 shows a comparative analysis of how the central government is contributing in terms of money and food grains for the smooth running of the mid-day meal scheme. It can be seen that in Karnataka the subsidy varies with three grade levels. Subsidy in terms of money is same for the level 1 to 5 and from 6 to 7, however it increases from 1.80 rupees to 2.20 per child per day when students reach grade 10. The grains available for children below grade 5 are 100 grams per child per day, which increases to 150 grams of grains per child per day from grade 6 onwards. On an average all states are providing 100 grams of grains per child per day in lower primary level and 150 grams per child per day in the upper primary level. Chhattisgarh and Uttar Pradesh provide highest amount of monetary subsidy per child per day that is 3.00 rupees. Karnataka state shows the lowest figures (1.80 rupees) in terms of monetary subsidy. It must also be borne in mind that higher subsidy does not necess arily correspond to better performances. We shall look into the state of Karnataka in detail in section three. The scheme has a long history especially in the state of Tamil Nadu, where it was introduced by K. Kamraj government in 1960s and expanded by M.G Ramachandran in 1982. Ever since it has been adopted by most of the states in India after the landmark directions by the Supreme Court of India. The purpose behind the judgment was to enhance enrolment, retention, and participation of children in primary schools, simultaneously improving their nutritional status. The judgment aims to cater to the nutritional needs of low-income groups in both rural and urban areas (Planning Commission, 2007).[10] As per the programme the Government of India provides grains free of cost and the States will provide the costs of other ingredients, salaries and infrastructure. By January 2004, nearly 50 million children received midday meals provided either by the Government or by NGOs working in partnership with the government.[11] However, inconsistent food quality, occasional food poisoning, poor hygiene, and operational concerns were among the complications to the provision of government-sponsored midday meals. The meals were prepared by teachers, who cooked the same meal every day: ghoogri, gruel made of boiled wheat. Children reported that that they grew tired of eating the same food daily, they did not like the taste, and it often made them feel sick. In 2004, a fire accidentally started by a teacher cooking the midday meal killed 90 children in Tamil Nadu, an event which underscored the safety issues inherent in meals prepared in makeshift kitchens based on school sites. Given the scope of hunger in India and the difficulties faced by the government programs, the task of feeding school children was still a significant challenge. Public private partnership implementation As the research is based on two organizations located in the state of Maharashtra, the following section analyses the public private partnership model used to implement the mid day meal scheme in the state. The State of Karnataka introduced the provision of cooked meals in June 2002 which saw a successful private sector participation in the programme. One such initiative was Akshaya Patra, which started with leadership from ISKCON (International Society for Krishna Consciousness). The programme has evolved into a movement where by children in the government schools are provided with cooked lunch on all working days. The state and the central government support the Foundation in the execution of the programme. Hence the programme runs a collective kitchen based on a public-private partnership. The Akshay Patra program is conducted in partnership with the various State Governments and Central Government. All of these governments provide a subsidy to support about 55% of the running cos t of the Akshay Patra program. The Central Government support is routed through the respective State Governments. The meal includes a nutritious mix such as sambar, rice, vegetables and some curd on most days. Since the success of this programme there has been an in the private sector participation in India. The partnerships in execution of the programme are not limited to rural areas but also major urban centers like Delhi, and Hyderabad.[12] About the study Statement of the problem In the Indian context both GDP and food grain production have risen at a faster growth rate than growth in population over the past 50 years. Yet our country faces chronic hunger and starvation among large sections of our population. There has been declining calorie consumption especially in the bottom 30% of the pyramid. Attempting policy reforms in an era of overall weakening governance and state commitment in social sectors seems a challenge. In this background, concept of collective and community kitchens have evolved and grown acquiring various dimensions in the past few years. This research aims to explore the possible link between community kitchens and food security. The research revolves around the idea of community kitchens being the possible means to attain an end of food insecurity examining the models of Ashodaya Samiti and Akshay Patra in the Indian scenario. Ashodaya Samiti is a sex workers organization working for HIV prevention since January 2004 in Mysore district of Karnataka. In 2004 University of Manitoba was directly implementing the HIV prevention project ably supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundations Avahan project.[13] The organizations collectivization and formal registering as Ashodaya Samithi was done in December 2005. Community mobilization since then has today resulted in the formation of the community based organization to take ownership of HIV awareness, prevention care, support activities and beginning of an entrepreneurial venture in the form of community kitchens. The second organization under study is Akshay Patra. Children from economically weaker sections are forced to seek work in place of education. Some of those who do manage to attend the school drop out to feed themselves and their families while others are known to perform poorly because of short attention spans and extreme hunger. Realizing that a nutritious school meal is an effective means of gettingunderprivileged childrencome to school and complete their education, Akshay Patra was formed as a not-for-profit organization in June 2000. The purpose of the organization in their words is to provide unlimited food for education, through modern community kitchens, thus freeing children from the vicious cycle of poverty and ensuring them an education.[14] Objectives of the study The main objectives of the current study are to Understand the evolution of the concept of community kitchens in India Provide a socio-economic profile of the respondents who are engaged in community kitchen in both settings (of the cases undertaken) Analyze the implementation of community kitchen undertaken by different organizations namely Ashodaya Samiti and Akshaya Patra Study how community kitchen is serving as a means to break social barriers (as demonstrated by Ashodaya Samiti). Understand how community kitchen could be a potential mechanism for eradicating hunger among school going children in the context of mid-day meal programme of Akshay Patra. Analyse the constraints in mobilizing the resources to keep the community kitchen a sustainable enterprise. Methodology Data collection for the research was done in two major organizations, Ashodaya Samiti in Mysore and Akshay Patra in Bangalore. The period of data collection was from 10.02.2010 to 22.02.2010. The data collection involved personal visits to both the organizations, interviews, focus group discussions and -participant observations. The current exploratory study attempts to understand the functioning of the community kitchens. Both primary and secondary sources of data have been collected for the study. The secondary data for the study came from annual reports of the organizations, websites, documentaries and media reports that have been provided by the organizations. The primary data for the study was collected from a diverse group of individuals engaged with both the organizations. In Ashodaya Samiti focus group discussions were carried out with the 20 sex workers who are the key in managing and operating the community kitchen. Individual in dept interviews were also carried out with 2 senior officials of the organization. The interview schedule consisted of open ended questions to include more information, their feelings, attitudes and understanding of the subject of community kitchen. In Akshay Patra data was collected through participant observation and interview schedules. Interviews were carried out with the workers in the kitchen to understand the mechanization of the operations. In-debt interviews were also carried out with the media spokesperson of the organization and the programme director. Visits to the kitchen on daily basis allowed an in-depth investigation of the process of food preparation and its distribution among the schools across the city. In this study in depth interview was useful in understanding the concepts related to community kitchens. The tool was helpful as it ensured that I received detailed information which helped me in exploring the idea to its depth. Focus group discussions were used as a form of qualitative research in which a group of people which included male, female and transgender sex workers of Ashodaya Samiti were asked about their perceptions, opinions, beliefs and attitudes towards sex work as their livelihood, need to collaborate at community level, evolution of the organization from heath interventions to community kitchen, empowerment through community kitchens and their future expectations from the project. Questions are asked in an interactive group setting where participants were free to talk with other group members. Participant observation which has its roots in the traditional ethnographic research was used a qualitative research strategy. Participation and observations were carried to varying degrees to study the communitys daily activities in both the cases (Ashodaya Samiti and Akshay Patra). Participant observation took place in the community settings, in locations like the sex workers day care centers, the Ashodaya hotel, community kitchen of Akshay patra which had direct relevance to the research questions. Engagement was done in such a manner such data could be collected by observing what life is like for an insider while remaining, inevitably, an outsider. While in these community settings, careful, field notes were made to record all observations. Data Analysis The current section provides an overview of both the organizations included in the study i.e. Ashodaya Samiti and Akshaya Patra. Ashodaya Samiti: Community kitchen used to break social barriers The first case that is presented in this section is the Ashodaya Samiti. The history of Ashodaya Samiti has to be seen in the backdrop of project Avahan. In the year 2003 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funded an India Aids initiative to reduce the spread of HIV in India under the project AVAHAN. Avahan was set up as a far ranging Aids prevention project, and has been a success story since its inception. Under the aegis of the project aids prevention work is carried out in six major sates in India. Within these states, it provides, prevention services to nearly 200,000 female sex workers, 60,000 high-risk men who have sex with men, and 20,000 injecting drug users, together with 5 million men at risk. [15] In 2003, UNAIDS studies reported that Asia presented the greatest risk of expansion of the global epidemic. The HIV cases have been on a continuous rise since the past decade. The major reasons for that are high prevalence of unsafe sex work and injecting drug users. Initial inter ventions by Avahan indicated that HIV transmission in south India was primarily sexual, and in the north-east mainly related to injecting drug use.[16] The Indian national response had a sound strategy for addressing high-risk groups. However, coverage of these groups was variable across the states and national average strikingly low.[17] [18] The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation designed a programme with help of technical experts to look into the HIV and aids prevention strategies. The project began with full co-operation from the Indian government. Avahans aim was to help slow the transmission of HIV to the general population by raising prevention coverage of high-risk and bridge groups to scale by achieving saturation levels (over 80 percent) across large geographic areas. Considering the scale of the country the project was magnanimous in its objectives. To avoid any complications the project began with local level involvement in operations and planning. Avahan in Karnataka As mentioned earlier, the project was started in six high prevalence states namely Karnataka, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Manipur and Nagaland. The prevalence in the first four states was predominantly due to male, female and transgender sex workers. In the other two states there were high incidences of the spread of virus due to injecting of drugs among the people. In Karnataka, University of Manitoba took the initiative to take up the project in the 18 of the 30 districts. Among the 18 districts, in 16 districts the i

Atlantis Myth vs Today’s Science :: History

Atlantis Myth vs Today’s Science Now that we know the foundation of the Atlantis myth we can now speculate if this is even possible with today’s science and geography. Atlantis was said to be bigger than Asia Minor and Libya combined. This statement made by Plato in the Critias is most likely not true because Atlantis would have to be in the Mediterranean Sea or within a few miles of the Mediterranean Sea such as the Atlantic Ocean or Indian Ocean. The other thought could be that the size was gravely misjudged through the ages and maybe when it got to Plato the myth had outgrown the size of the city. A more logical explanation could be that Atlantis was smaller than once though and was present at the western part of the Mediterranean, between the coasts of West Africa and East South America or somewhere by the horn of Africa. Many are skeptic as to whether Atlantis existed solely because of the size but many researchers believe that the books Timeus and Critias are too detailed to be made up by Plato. Unfortunately the books of Plato’s thoughts and descriptions get cut off at the end of the second book hence ending the story of Atlantis quite abruptly. Some think that either the end of the story was lost during a burning of an attack on one of the Greek cities or that Plato’s patron for the project, Dionysius I, was going to publish the books as prose and poem and try to become famous. Unfortunately Dionysius died unexpectedly and Plato did not finish the story. Ever since the idea of Atlantis being a city explorers and scientists have looked for Atlantis. One idea is that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge was caused by the sinking of Atlantis. But this is disproved because if Atlantis did sink in the Atlantic Ocean then it would not have created a ridge or ridge like area. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is caused by Divergent tectonic plates in the ocean which creates the ridge. The sinking of Atlantis could not have done this. Not only is this impossible but the descriptions given by Plato would also be off. The Mid-Atlantic ridge is a mountain like area going from north to south for a few thousands of miles; Plato described Atlantis a circular island that was maybe one hundred miles in diameter. Therefore this theory does not work.

International Corporation Essay

Hard Rock Cafe International founded in 1971, as one of the worldwide entertainment and dining brands, internationally- highly praised music. It has a network of 122 signature Hard Rock Cafes in 41 countries and owns the world’s greatest collection of music memorabilia. Founded by two Americans, Isaac Tigrett and Peter Morton, they are enterprising and music loving. Peter brought a real understanding of the restaurant business, and Isaac brought many creative attributes and together they made the Hard Rock Cafe (â€Å"The Hard Rock Cafe Story†, 2005). Hard Rock Cafe was an instant classic, entertain and attracting customers with its first-rate, but fairly priced casual American charge, warm service and ever-present rock ‘n’ roll music and sensibility. They offer quality, classic American food in their unique, high-energy, music memorabilia-packed atmosphere. Hard Rock Cafe has finally become the world’s leading collector and exhibitors of rock ‘n’ roll memorabilia (â€Å"The Hard Rock Cafe Story†, 2005). Known for its collectible and fashion merchandise, live concerts, Hard Rock Live performance venues, www. hardrock. com and Hard Rock Hotels and Casinos, Hard Rock Cafe International, Inc. is a totally owned subsidiary of London-based The Rank Group Plc. Hard Rock Cafe International provides visitors around the world with a unique experience that combines food and merchandise with the largest collection of rock memorabilia on the world. Hard Rock Cafe has become a global phenomenon. (Adelstein, 1999) People should keep their eye out as Hard Rock Cafe continues to take music into the next millennium, because at Hard Rock, music is truly the universal language. In latest years, Hard Rock has expanded its cafe limitations by reinforcing its â€Å"music connection† through music-related products and programs such as collectible and fashionable Hard Rock Cafe merchandise, the Hard Rock Records music label, www. hardrock. com, Hard Rock Hotels and Casinos, and Hard Rock Live music venues. Not only they can rock hard, they know how to throw a party. Opening celebrations for each new Hard Rock Cafe all around the world are started by live musical performances (â€Å"About Hard Rock cafe†, 2005). Hard Rock Cafe has been governed by a guiding service with law talent and honest philosophy, â€Å"Love All – Serve All. † Means a place where all have always been welcome, in spite of age, sex or class. Hard Rock Cafe remains amazingly faithful to its original intentions. Its rock ‘n’ roll sensibility a Hard Rock Cafe legacy- remains at the very center of all Hard Rock restaurants and every development hard work undertaken by Hard Rock Cafe. Classic American food, served up by a skilled, caring and helpful wait staff, is still the â€Å"order† of the day at Hard Rock Cafe. And a their commitment to widespread humanitarian causes under the banner ‘Save the Planet’- has helped make Hard Rock a legitimate cultural force, from coast to coast, continent to continent (â€Å"The Hard Rock Cafe Story†, 2005). Nowadays, Hard Rock Cafe International, with Hard Rock Cafe at its center, is an entertainment and leisure company that continues to successfully expand the Hard Rock Brand through limitless music-related ventures. Hard Rock Cafe is innovating on a system wide modernization program for the 21st century and adding a new day part, a nightclub with live music. Hard Rock is best known not for its food but for its atmosphere. The cafes ask for donations of music memorabilia and have the world’s largest collection of such. Time after time, their guests have told them that they are looking for an opportunity to make a personal, physical and sometimes even spiritual connection to the music and artists of their time. Then Hard Rock Cafe offer a entertaining, unique and educational look at the evolution of music, that can effects on world events and the emotional appeal and timeless energy as told through priceless memorabilia, interactive displays, educated guides and self-guided tours (â€Å"Hard Rock Cafe Announces Plans†, 2002). For Hard Rock Cafe the biggest challenge facing reputable restaurant chains like theirs is losing their customer. In addition, there have been many new competitors, paying attention by a low cost of livelihood and rising people, offering a comparable dining experience. Moreover, employee turnover has continued to increase. Fighting this situation, Hard Rock Cafe wanted to take improvement of their well-built brand image, combined with excellent customer service and constantly high food quality and to attract more customers from the close region (â€Å"Hard Rock Cafe sets new dining trends†, 2004). At Hard Rock Restaurant, to serves their customer they do not applied manual POS (Point of Sales) systems. The reason why The Hard Rock restaurant is do not make use of manual POS solution because it was based on manual processes, it was inefficient and costly to train new staff— and tracking lost revenue was nearly impossible. Before a new employee was ready to work on the restaurant floor, they have to follow the intensive classroom education for a week. From this activity expected, deliver the new wait-staff and cashiers that enable to memorize extensive information, from standard menu items and services options, to preparation alternatives, pricing details and corporate service policies (â€Å"Hard Rock Cafe sets new dining trends†, 2004). To be confident for the long term, The Hard Rock Cafe management needed to find a way to enhance customer service and reduce the amount of time that customers had to wait for their orders. Moreover, they had to decrease on training costs, as well as organization more-effective profits controls and a process for tracking customer preferences and sales trends to advance productivity. To face a great deal disturbance in the technology industry lately, the restaurant’s major concern in selecting a new POS resolution was dependability. Not just of the restaurant’s new systems, but also of the technology source delivering them. Then they use the new IBM technology-based solution (â€Å"Hard Rock Cafe sets new dining trends†, 2004). Hard Rock Cafe expects a full return on investment (ROI) for the new IBM technology-based solution. ROI expected can reduce the cashier headcount and staff training costs. Hard Rock Cafe wait-staff and cashiers can trust in rapid access to concurrent menu and pricing information to respond quickly to diners, by leveraging new functionality. Besides, human error during the order-entry process has been reduced to nearly nothing, resulting in better consistency, efficiency, and customer satisfaction (â€Å"Hard Rock Cafe sets new dining trends†, 2004). To constrain decision making about promotions, pricing and staffing, Hard Rock Cafe managers can track member of staff and customer activities, enabling the company to collect precious business data. By that method, they can rapidly identify popular items, advantage information to cross-sell extra menu items and track the preferences of common. The customers have seen the new technology and they often comment on the new modern system and Hard Rock Cafe innovative approach to reform the dining experience. This will affect customer faithfulness over the long term by enabling Hard Rock Cafe to leverage unforgettable, first-rate service and the strong brand image to attract a bigger base of both visitor and local customers (â€Å"Hard Rock Cafe sets new dining trends†, 2004). To build financial system work well, strategy for the Hard Rock Cafe are: ? They should fix the infrastructure and the existing corporate systems, ? They must invest in customer-facing programs ? They supposed to provide technologies that will drive traffic to Hard Rock’s website (www. hardrock. com) and from there to the restaurants